American cancer Society and the General Motors Company Problem Essay

American cancer Society and the General Motors Company Problem Analysis - Essay Example American Cancer Society Founded way back in 1913 by a group of 13 doctors and business personalities in New York, The American Cancer Society (ACS) has developed from a small business venture to the much-celebrated organization it is today. The main role of ACS is cancer management under which it knuckles down on cancer prevention and reducing the rates of death caused by cancer. Supplementary to that, the organization further concentrates on providing education to the public on cancer as a whole. Donors majorly fund the American Cancer Society. The World Bank as well as various support groups grants a larger portion of the society’s funds to them. The society receives funds from the services that they offer to the cancer patients (Epstein, 2011). Being a non-profit organization that it is, the organization appears to be unblemished and faultless. However, the society faces a variety of challenges. In the year 2005, there were about 1.37 Million newly registered cases of cance r. The society saw this as an opportunity to make returns out of the cancer patients instead of giving them hope for a better tomorrow. ACS faces allegations citing that it tried to come up with conventional medication techniques of treating cancer instead of focusing on prevention, given that prevention is better than cure. The society has majorly tried to make money out of the large number of cancer patients (Epstein, 2011). The American Cancer Society faces allegations of discrediting potential healthy ways of fighting cancer as proposed by various cancer research experts. The organization has always been in preference of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which though are approved mechanisms of fighting cancer, always are largely unhealthy, and end up killing the cancer patient even before killing the cancer cells (Epstein, 2011). To curb the range of problems that are facing the society, ACS is supposed to restructure its leadership. The entire overhaul should hinge on the ide ology that prevention is the best medicine. ACS should in fact focus on supporting educational programs that enlighten the people on how to go about cancer. Just like both HIV/AIDS, and drug and substance abuse, teachers ought to teach cancer education ought from the junior level schools. In like manner, the society should fully embrace research. The society should support cancer research works across various research institutes and all universities. The society should also encourage the population on practicing healthy lifestyles. Doctors argue that the body under the appropriate situations can be its own doctor. The organization put out good words to the public regarding the food types that one should take heed of, that is, the males who suffer from lung and prostate cancer should avoid smoking tobacco and taking too much alcohol. The same goes out to liver cancer patients (Epstein, 2011). The American Cancer Society should employ gene therapy rather than chemotherapy and radiothe rapy. Gene therapy is the practice of cancer control in the genes that cause cancer. Preventive mechanisms are fruitful in controlling disasters as compared to administering treatment. General Motors Formed in September of 1908, General Motors (GM) is among the best automobile firms in the World. It is now a multinational company with its headquarters situated at Detroit, Michigan. The company enjoys 37 branches around the world manufacturing eleven different brands including GMC, Chevrolet, Buick, Isuzu, Vauxhall, Wuling, Baojun, Jie Fang, Cadillac, Holden, and Opel. General Motors is the leading automaker worldwide (Gall, 2011). Despite the success associated with General Motors, the company experiences many challenges that affect the running

A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner Essay Example for Free

A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner Essay A Rose for Emily is a short story by American author William Faulkner. It tells about an old woman named Emily Grierson lives in the town of Jefferson. The tale sets in the early nineteen hundreds, it opens with the town finding out about Emily’s death. Through the whole story, people learn of the life and times of Emily, her relationship with the town, her father and her lover. People find out the truth that Emily was hiding at the end of the story. There are many different symbolisms in the story Among all of the symbolisms , the monument, the frame, the grey hair, the house and a rose are the most important and thoughtful ones throughout the entire story. The monument appears in the beginning of the story as the first symbolism. â€Å"When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument†(A Rose For Emily). Faulkner calls Emily a fallen monument, it also could understand as an idol in a niche. It shows that how the town views her and to connect her to the idea of the old, genteel Southern ways. The modern townspeople dont know what to do with her, and she is so closed off to them, but they respect her enough to just leave her alone. Like Faulkner states, she was like a statue only representing a real, living person and thus she passed from generation to generation dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse. In her old age she is seen as a monument to the past that is never seen outside of her house. All of the respect that her father had earned died with the old men and women of the town. Frames also seem to be symbolic in A Rose for Emily. One of the examples is the scene where the narrator is describing Miss Emilys father as standing in the foreground and framed by the doorway as he held would be suitors at bay. Meanwhile Miss Emily is framed in the background. Emily’s father. Mr. Grierson is a controlling, looming presence even in death, and the community clearly sees his lasting influence over Emily. Also he references framing with reference to her crayon picture of her father in the gold frame. The whole story is framed in the idea of traditions dying out as time passes. monument who left a part of her behind in the grey hair. The single grey hair on the pillow is another symbolism. The old hair on the pillow signifies that Emily is a history in the town now, lying with corpses as all that she has had to be proud of is also dead. Her desperate attempt to maintain a hold upon the past has failed and she is a fallen angel’. The house that Emily lives in is a symbolism that shows the decay as Emily begin getting older and older. The house at one time was one of the most beautiful homes in the whole town of Jefferson. In Emilys youth the house was always well kept. As Emily aged so did the house she lived in. The street she lives in from the symbolic of high class became the worst for the entire town. With faded paint and an unkempt yard it even began to smell at one point. The men of the old Jefferson would never tell a lady that her house smelled so they cured the smell themselves. It would seem that the house and Emily where connected in a way. Both of them had grown old and lost their brightness. The house was also looked at in the same way as Emily. Emily lost her mind and her looks. The house lost the beauty it once held due to old age. They where looked at as a monument to the past. The most important symbolism among the all in A Rose for Emily is in the title itself. The rose is most often thought of as a symbol for love in the case Homer is the rose or love for Emily. Her father thought there was no man was good enough for her or for the Grierson family. Therefore she was never able to experience passion or the rose of love until she met Homer. The rose for Emily is hope, and passion. However, there is another meaning of rose to consider. However, the rose in the title of the story could therefore stand for Emilys secret; that is Homer her rose whom she cherished, loved and kept to herself even after his body was corrupted by the decay of time. While Faulkner had many symbolisms in A Rose For Emily, the symbolisms of the monument, the frame, the grey hair, the house and a rose are the most important and worthful ones throughout the entire story. Author William Faulkner truly wrote a wonderful story about an old women who loses her mind. A Rose For Emily uses different symbolisms to show the way in which people all grow old and decay, it tells a story of fallen angel Emily’s life.

Analytical Evaluation of Freud Essay -- essays research papers

Based on the past information and the information I acquired during the duration of this course I chose to do my evaluation on Erik Erikson using the classical psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers using the non-Freudian / interpersonal approach from Adler and Jung. Since there is no way to tell if either theory is right or wrong it is imperative that we discover our own theory among the popular ones and derive our own method of practice based on our current knowledge. This is done by comparing and evaluating each psychologist and their own theories to derive a common ground among each of them. In response to Erik Erikson and his approach on ego psychology he was an insecure child growing up who had problems with identity confusion. According to Freud and the classical psychoanalysis, this could possibly be a reflection of his Oedipus complex in where he can not identify with his father nor can he get close to his mother. Since he is dealing with his own confusion of his own identity he can no longer have feelings of closeness with either parent causing him to feel abandoned. His father abandoned him at an early age and so he never had that feeling of closeness with his father. Being as though he did not have that male role during his growing up he can not feel that sense of love coming from either parent which caused him to come up with the ego identity model in his own practices. Freud didn't exactly invent the idea of the conscious versus unconscious mind, but he certainly was responsible for making it popular. The conscious mind is what you are aware of at any particular moment, your present perceptions, memories, thoughts, fantasies, feelings, what have you. Working closely with the conscious mind is what Freud called the preconscious, what we might today call "available memory:" anything that can easily be made conscious, the memories you are not at the moment thinking about but can readily bring to mind. Now no-one has a problem with these two layers of mind. But Freud suggested that these are the smallest parts! Freud created a sense of super ego where you internalize the parental standards, ideas, and prohibitions. Since Erikson had no parents to identify with his sense of standards were nonexistent. He had a feeling of inferiority in rel... ...p; Obviously, everyone suffers from inferiority in one form or another. For example, Adler began his theoretical work considering organ inferiority, that is, the fact that each of us has weaker, as well as stronger, parts of our anatomy or physiology. Some of us are born with heart murmurs, or develop heart problems early in life; Some have weak lungs, or kidneys, or early liver problems; Some of us stutter or lisp; Some have diabetes, or asthma, or polio; Some have weak eyes, or poor hearing, or a poor musculature; Some of us have innate tendencies to being heavy, others to being skinny; Some of us are retarded, some of us are deformed; Some of us are terribly tall or terribly short; And so on and so on. Both Erikson and Rogers possessed different qualities that can be attributed to other psychologists to evaluate themselves and their performance in the world of psychology. Each different theorist created a different contribution to psychology and neither one is right or wrong. It is up to each individual person to create their own image of what is right or wrong and what they want to teach in their lives and use in their every day life.

Elegy for Drowned Children by Bruce Dawe Essay

â€Å"Elegy for Drowned Children† is a poem written by Australian poet Bruce Dawe in the 1960’s. An elegy is a sad poem or song that laments the death of a person. This poem implies that the persona had a close relationship with someone who had drowned or loss their child to drowning. This poem has five four-lined stanzas. The first and last lines rhyme with each other while the middle two lines rhyme with each other. This creates a song like quality to the poem. The first three stanzas of the poem end with questions. This structures the idea of parents mourning with unanswered questions. The last two stanzas are enjambed. This gives the effect of the parents realizing there’s no point in questioning their deaths but to be at peace with it. This poem is giving some consolation to the people who have lost loved ones, mainly children, to drowning. The poem frequently refers to Greek mythology. There is an ‘old king’ whom is assumed to be the Greek god of the ocean Poseidon, who resides in the sea and takes care of drowned children. In this poem, the old king takes a ‘shining haul’ of children with his ‘sure’ net. This suggests that many children have been taken by him. The use of the word ‘sure’ implies that no one is really safe from him and that it is fated to happen. It could also mean humans cannot prevent nor control the ocean. However, the persona describes his care as ‘solicitous’ and ‘tender’. This expresses that the king is kind and caring to the children. In an effort to ease the parents’ distress, the use of mythology conveys the notion that the children are not just gone but instead they are being taken care of in a safe ‘kingdom’. Dawe uses a simile when describing the parents who are, ‘calling like birds by the water’s edge†. This use of simile creates the image of frantic and alarmed parents repeatedly calling out the names of the children who have drowned. The significance of using birds instead of any other animal is to create an image that there are many parents who have experienced their children drowning and they collectively call out to the water for the king to return them. The persona also uses simile when describing the boys who visit their parents’ dreams who are ‘fluid as porpoises’. This comparison to the boys to porpoises suggest the bittersweet idea that the boys have been down in the ocean for so long that they have become accustomed to swimming  in the oceans and into their parents’ dreams. The persona also uses imagery when describing the boys’ skin as ‘moonlit’. This could be literal or symbolic. Literally, it could mean the boys’ skin is as pale as the moon. However, symbolically, it could be skin that has not been in the ‘sweet sun’, which is life. The use of alliteration in the line â€Å"From leaden-lidded sleep, softly to steal† slows the tone of the poem down. This creates a dream like quality to the rhythm of the poem which mirrors the actual words of the poem. The repetition of the word ‘upward’ in the last stanza helps create the dream like quality. It quickens the rhythm of the poem and emanates excitement. This could be a reflection of the emotions of the parents when having a dream about their children. This poem uses many techniques to convey it’s main ideas. It is a comforting poem for people who have lost their children to the water. The poem is relevant to us as Australians because we are community that spends a significant amount of time by the beach and in the water. We are also a community that has many deaths caused by drowning.

Bicultural Education Essay

At the onset of a new school year, students routinely are on the lookout for their new teachers. This behavior may be rooted to possibly terror or lenience that the fresh teacher may bring to the four corners of the classroom. From the viewpoint of the educators, however, being in the company of between twenty and thirty young people may mean various things. Such may be twenty or thirty reasons too to use authoritarian language over a rowdy class or to create a relaxed ambience around a subdued class. The teacher, as an adult, enforces his will by numerous measures over the very juvenile students, who submit to the adult’s lead or, if they resist it, find themselves subject to some kind of injunction. Darder’s book Culture And Power In The Classroom: A Critical Foundation For Bicultural Education delves into the reality that American education is in a revolution. The statistics of students with little or no knowledge and skill in speaking the English language are on the rise. The situation also suggests that in the enrollment season, schools will be flocked with assorted kids. From the linguistically and ethnically different to the academically different as far as the pop US culture is concerned. The callous reality is that the success of students and educators lies in the curricular particulars. Teachers and students working hand in hand, in a culturally sundry classroom will grasp that there is no single best tactic to edify all students. The mindset is that there is an array of strategies that should be incorporated. Not every rubric is suitable for every foreign language classroom. An educator, or a cluster of educators, may desire to cultivate their own rubric for evaluating their students’ linguistic proficiency. Some linguists toiled with educators to generate rubrics for their group of foreign students. The procedure of constructing rubrics can itself aid teachers in modifying their lesson plans to satisfy the distinctive needs of their foreign students. Darder furthers that in addition to the textbook to be used as principal reference for the session, the lecture would include a number of aids that shall help the pupils understand various concepts successfully and enjoyably. Specifically, the lecture shall be carried out not without visual aids as some itself may be confusing in the absence of visual illustration. Using examples, strategies, and integration of the concepts may guarantee that key concepts or valuable ideas are not elapsed, or that these are not confused with other concepts instilled by the primary culture. On the other hand, the full attention and sensitive actions of the school administration, mentors, and most importantly, the parents make up the key solutions to the non-English-speaking students. Personally, I do believe that an individual education plan must be developed for each child. Parents have the right to participate in this planning, but not all do. There is the possibility that even the best-designed educational plans will not be carried out because of lack of time and resources. Teachers who want to be helpful may have large classes and heavy workloads that prevent individualized instruction in a bicultural classroom. In the end, Darder remarks that developing a learning culture, which attaches importance to respect to children with different cultural backgrounds is essential to guarantee healthy relationships and an atmosphere beneficial to the learning experience in a bicultural classroom. Education curricula that are anchored in the postulation that the customs of the mainstream group in society are the best and sole means to function have the end product of marginalizing foreign students and of thinning their contribution in and outcomes from education. I agree that core curricula and school resources must place premium on the assortment of the school population and of American civilization so as to make sure that all students can feel they fit in. Educators have to be able to utilize the virtue of compassion that students convey to the learning environment. Reference Darder, A. (1991). Culture And Power In The Classroom: A Critical Foundation For Bicultural Education. Greenwood Publishing

How to Get a Marketing Job With No Traditional Experience - CoSchedule

How to Get a Marketing Job With No Traditional Experience What if I told you that it’s possible to land a six-figure job in marketing regardless of the experience you have right now? You’d probably say I’m full of it. I mean, if that were true, wouldn’t everybody be doing it? Not quite Five years ago I graduated from college with a biology degree, a 2.5 GPA, and a job in the medical field. Two years later, I landed job offers from Google, Microsoft, and Twitter to work on their marketing products and my salary jump into the six-figure range. Most people struggle to land a job they love for two reasons: They follow the same outdated job search advice that every other candidate is using They don’t put in the extra effort it takes to build new skills and beat out the competition In this post, I’m going to walk you through the exact process I used to build the marketing skills I needed to land jobs at the world’s best companies without a degree or job in marketing. I’ll also teach you how you can get paid to learn and create a second source of income along the way! [Cookie Get Your Free Marketing Resume Template || https://media..com/uploads/Blog-Austin-LandAJob-mockup.png || Download  Now || https://media..com/uploads/Entry-Level-Marketing-Resume-Template.docx How to get a #marketing job with no traditional experience its possible!By the end of this read, you’ll have a clear path from where you are now to the marketing job of your dreams. Let’s dive in: Step 1: Get Clear On What You Want One of the biggest mistakes that career changers make is heading straight to a job board and blasting out dozens of applications. The first step is any job search should always be getting crystal clear on exactly what you want. While this article is going to show you the exact steps you can take to land a job in marketing, by no means is it going to be easy. Applying for a new role, especially one that doesn’t exactly align with your background, is a full time job in and of itself. You don’t want to spend four months job searching only to end up in a role you can’t stand. The good news is that this problem is super easy to avoid by simply doing your research before you get started! went ahead and did most of the heavy lifting for us by researching and breaking down the different types of marketing roles and consolidating them in this article. Reading that will give you a high level overview of the marketing landscape and help you take the first step in your search. The Decision Funnel For Marketing: Digital vs. Traditional When it comes to marketing, there are two overarching fields: traditional and digital. The first decision you need to make is which field you want to be a part of. Traditional marketing includes â€Å"old school† tactics like print advertising in newspapers, TV spots, or physical coupons. Digital marketing is comprised of all the tools and tactics you’ll find online like Content Marketing, Facebook Ads, Search Engine Optimization, Social Media Marketing, etc. If you’re looking for a career that pays well in a field that’s primed to rapidly expand in the next 5-10 years, the answer is easy: you’re going the digital route. Digital marketing has been growing at an astonishing rate in 2017, advertisers spent $209 billion on digital  which made up 41% of the market (compared to traditional media’s 35%): Image courtesy of Recode.net That trend is only going to grow with Statistia reporting that advertisers plan to increase their digital budgets 12.3% in the next 12 months, while traditional media budgets continue to decline.

buy custom Inequalities of Gender essay

buy custom Inequalities of Gender essay Gender inequality implies the range of characters that distinguish the males and females in the society basing on the roles they are assigned. There are restrictions placed on the choices of women in the society which impact on their health and education because of lack of decision-making. There is a struggle for legal equality in Asia where women are considered oppressed for centuries. The argument has been that all individuals are equal before the law. There has been violence against women in the society because of gender inequality. The inequality between men and women is because of the culture of the community where the male are viewed to be of more value than the women. This has affected the Asian society for a long period. The following are the inequalities in my society. This paper explicates the gender inequalities common in my society. Firstly, there has been inequality whereby preference is given to boys over girls thus leading to a male dominated society. In this case, the gender inequality has been manifested where the parents will prefer giving birth to male babies rather than girls. According to Scrase, Holden, and Baum (2003) this has affected my society in the way that it does not allow females in the society to make decisions on how to improve the society. With the improved technology, individuals are learning the sex of the children that are going to be born hence leading to increased cases of abortion when they learn that they are expecting a girl child. There is also inequality in the employment sector. Women face many challenges before they are employed than the men who have the same qualifications. For instance, in my society, women are not allowed to hold leadership positions because they are perceived inferior compared to their en counterparts. This has in turn made most women in the society to believe that they are not fit to take up the leadership positions and represent the society. Scrase, Holden, and Baum (2003) assert that the education system has focused on producing male professionals compared to women. This is because of the strong belief that men have more leadership ideas compared to women. In my society, ownership of property is unequally distributed between the two genders. Basic assets like homes and land are mainly viewed as mens properties. This has led to women lagging behind in terms of development because they are not allowed to own the properties. For instance, women are not allowed to inherit the properties from their parents. This in my view has led to discrimination against women making them appear inferior in the eyes of the entire society. The household chores are mainly left to the women forcing them to stay at home while men seek to work outside in high paying jobs. Ozbilgin and Syed ( 2009) claim that this led to minimal or no promotions for women in the society to executive places. The rate of unemployment among women in my society has increased because of the belief that they are required to work as housewives. Lastly, there is inequality in which the special opportunities where by the opportunities of getting education are fewer to the women compared to the men who are given the first priority. There are divisions in the higher education to train male professionals compared to female professionals. The following issues require a close consideration, to ensure that there are no inequalities in the society. Firstly, women issues have been advocated through specially formed women movements where issues relating to fair treatment of the girl-child are raised. By ensuring that thee girl child is given the same chances to excel as the boy child, they will improve the living standards of the society because the dependency ratio will eventually go down. The women also need to be allowed to demonstrate their leadership capabilities in the society to be able to advocate for the development of women in society. Scrase, Holden, and Baum (2003) intimate that, for a long time, women have not had any representation in the society, this has made them lag behind in developmental matters compared to men. After being given equal chances to access the leadership positions, they would improve their living standards, and they could now be allowed to own properties. By ensuring that women are treated the same as men, societal conflicts between the two genders would reduce due to improved understanding between the two genders. This will enable the society to move forward in terms of development. Every individual in the society will be compelled to work to improve the societys well-being. This can be achieved through ensuring that women are not restricted to working in the household chores. They should instead be allowed to go out and engage in the development programs for the society. Ozbilgin and Syed (2009) assert that if the women are allowed to participate in decision-making, they would come up with ideas that improve the society. In conclusion, the Asian society has been facing inequalities where the male gender is considered more important than their female gender. This has led to discrimination of women in seeking of employment and property ownership. In order to ensure that there is no inequality, the girl-child should be given the same treatment as the boy-child. If women are allowed to take up the leadership careers, they would contribute to the development of the society. Buy custom Inequalities of Gender essay

Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England

Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England Elizabeth Woodville (1437–June 7 or 8, 1492, and known variously as Lady Grey, Elizabeth Grey, and Elizabeth Wydevill) was the commoner wife of Edward IV, who had a key  role in the War of the Roses and in the succession battle between the Plantagenets and Tudors. She is best known today as a character in Shakespeares  Richard III  (as Queen Elizabeth) and the title character in the 2013 television series  The White Queen. Fast Facts: Elizabeth Woodville Known For: A commoner who was destined to become wife of Edward IV, mother of Edward V, sister-in-law of Richard III, mother-in-law of Henry VII and grandmother of Henry VIIIBorn: About 1837 in Grafton, rural NorthamptonshireParents: Jacquetta, Duchess of Bedford and Sir Richard WoodvilleDied: June 7 or 8, 1492.Spouse(s): Sir John Grey (ca. 1450–1461); Edward IV (1464–1483)Children: Two with John Grey (Thomas Grey (Marquess of Dorset) and Richard Grey) and 10 with Edward IV (Elizabeth of York who married Henry VII; Mary; Cecily; Edward V; Margaret; Richard; Anne who married Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey); George; Catherine who married William Courtney, Earl of Devon; and Bridget. The two princes in the tower were Richard and Edward V Early Life Elizabeth Woodville was probably born at Grafton in rural Northamptonshire, England, about 1437, the eldest of the 12 children of Richard Woodville and Jacquetta de Luxembourg. Elizabeths mother Jacquetta was the daughter of a Count  and a descendant of Simon de Montfort and his wife Eleanor, the daughter of Englands King John. Jacquetta was the wealthy and childless widow of the Duke of Bedford, brother of Henry V, when she married Sir Richard Woodville. Her sister-in-law Catherine of Valois also married a man of lower station after she was widowed. Two generations later,  Catherines grandson Henry Tudor married Jacquettas granddaughter, Elizabeth of York. Jacquettas second husband and Elizabeths father was the less highborn county knight Sir Richard Woodville. At the age of 7, Elizabeth was sent to another landed household (a custom of the period was to trade children so that they would have social contacts in the future), probably Sir Edward Grey and his wife Elizabeth, Lady Ferrers. There, she had formal lessons in reading, writing (in English, French, and Latin), and a grounding in law and mathematics. The Woodville family was wealthy when Elizabeth was born, but as the Hundred Years War wound down and the Wars of the Roses conflict began, the familys finances became straitened, and as a result, Elizabeth married John Grey (7th Baron Ferrers of Groby) in 1452 when she was about 14 years of age. The recently knighted Grey was killed at the Second Battle of St. Albans in 1461, fighting for the Lancastrian side in the Wars of the Roses. Elizabeth petitioned Lord Hastings, Edwards uncle, in a controversy over land with her mother-in-law. She arranged a marriage between one of her sons and one of Hastings daughters. Ancestry Eleanor of Aquitaine, mother of King John of England, was the 8th great grandmother of Elizabeth Woodville through her mother Jacquetta.  Her husband Edward IV and son-in-law Henry VII were, of course, also descendants of Eleanor of Aquitaine. Elizabeth Woodville   Jacquetta of Luxembourg   Margherita del Balzo Sueva Orsini Nicola Orsini Roberto Orsini Anastasia de Montfort Guy de Montfort Eleanor Plantagenet John of England Eleanor of Aquitaine Meeting and Marriage with Edward IV How Elizabeth met Edward is not known for certain, though an early legend has her petitioning him by waiting with her sons beneath an oak tree. Another story circulated that she was a sorceress who bewitched him, but she may have simply known him from court. Legend has her giving Edward, a known womanizer, an ultimatum that they had to be married or she would not submit to his advances. On May 1, 1464, Elizabeth and Edward married secretly. Edwards mother, Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, and Cecilys nephew, the Earl of Warwick who had been an ally of Edward IV in winning the crown, had been arranging a suitable marriage for Edward with the French king. When Warwick found out about Edwards marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, Warwick turned against Edward and helped restore Henry VI briefly to power. Warwick was killed in battle as were Henry and his son, and Edward returned to power. Elizabeth Woodville was crowned Queen in Westminster Abbey on May 26, 1465; both of her parents were present for the ceremony. Elizabeth and Edward had three sons and six daughters- Elizabeth of York who married Henry VII; Mary; Cecily; Edward V, briefly King of England (not crowned); Margaret; Richard, Duke of York; Anne who married Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey; George, Duke of Bedford; Catherine who married William Courtney, Earl of Devon; and Bridget. Elizabeth also had two sons by her first husband- Thomas Grey, the Marquis of Dorset and Richard Grey. One was an ancestor of the ill-fated Lady Jane Grey. Family Ambitions Her extensive and, by all accounts, ambitious family was favored heavily after Edward took the throne. Her eldest son from her first marriage, Thomas Grey, was created Marquis Dorset in 1475. Elizabeth promoted the fortunes and advancement of her relatives, even at the cost of her popularity with the nobles. In one of the most scandalous incidents, Elizabeth may have been behind the marriage of her brother, 19 years old, to the widowed  Katherine Neville,  the wealthy Duchess of Norfolk, 80 years old. But the grasping reputation was enhanced- or created- first  by Warwick in 1469 and later by Richard III, who had their  own reasons for wanting Elizabeths and her familys reputations to be diminished. Among her other activities, Elizabeth continued her predecessors support of Queens College. Widowhood When Edward IV died suddenly on April 9, 1483, Elizabeths fortunes abruptly changed. Her husbands brother Richard of Gloucester was appointed Lord Protector since Edwards eldest son Edward V  was a minor. Richard moved quickly to seize power, claiming- apparently with the support of his mother Cecily Neville- that the children of Elizabeth and Edward were illegitimate because Edward had been previously formally betrothed to someone else. Elizabeths brother-in-law Richard took the throne as Richard III, imprisoning Edward V (never crowned) and then his younger brother, Richard. Elizabeth took sanctuary. Richard III then demanded that Elizabeth also turn over custody of her daughters, and she complied. Richard attempted to marry first his son, then himself, to Edward and Elizabeths oldest daughter, known as Elizabeth of York, hoping to make his claim to the throne more solid. Elizabeths sons by John Grey joined in the battle to overthrow Richard. One son, Richard Grey,  was beheaded by King Richards  forces; Thomas joined Henry Tudors forces. Mother of a Queen After Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field and was crowned Henry VII, he married Elizabeth of York- a marriage arranged with the support of Elizabeth Woodville and also of Henrys mother, Margaret Beaufort. The marriage took place in January 1486, uniting the factions at the end of the Wars of the Roses  and making the claim to the throne more certain for the heirs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Princes in the Tower The fate of the two sons of Elizabeth Woodville and Edward IV, the Princes in the Tower, is not certain. That Richard imprisoned them in the Tower is known. That Elizabeth worked to arrange the marriage of her daughter to Henry Tudor may mean that she knew, or at least suspected, that the princes were already dead. Richard III is generally believed to have been responsible for removing the possible claimants to the throne, but some theorize that Henry VII was responsible. Some have even suggested Elizabeth Woodville was complicit. Henry VII re-proclaimed the legitimacy of the marriage of Elizabeth Woodville and Edward IV. Elizabeth was the godmother of the first child of Henry VII and her daughter Elizabeth, Arthur. Death and Legacy In 1487, Elizabeth Woodville was suspected of plotting against Henry VII, her son-in-law, and her dowry was seized and she was sent to Bermondsey Abbey. She died there on June 8 or 9, 1492. She was buried in St. Georges Chapel in Windsor Castle near her husband. In 1503, James Tyrell was executed for the deaths of the two princes, sons of Edward IV, and the claim was that Richard III was responsible. Some later historians have pointed their fingers at Henry VI instead. The truth is that there is not any sure evidence of when, where, or by what hands the princes died. In Fiction Elizabeth Woodvilles life has lent itself to many fictional depictions, though not often as the main character.  She is, however, the main character in the British series, The White Queen. Elizabeth Woodville is Queen Elizabeth in Shakespeares Richard III. She and Richard are depicted as bitter enemies, and  Margaret  curses Elizabeth with having her husband and children killed, as Margarets husband and son were killed by Elizabeths husbands supporters. Richard is able to charm Elizabeth into turning over her son and agreeing to his marriage to her daughter. Sources Baldwin, David. Elizabeth Woodville: Mother of the Princes in the Tower. Gloucestershire: The History Press (2002).  Print.Okerlund, Arlene N. Elizabeth of York: Queenship and Power. New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2009). Print.

Workplace and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Workplace and Communication - Essay Example When one understands the basis of being satisfied with his job, the discussion of getting the work done in a good enough manner is very important. However, what is really required is a vision to do things the right way and keep all the employees and peers devoted to their respective work domains so that success within the work environments is ensured. When one discusses the factors of a positive work environment, the understanding of who creates such an environment is very necessary. This is because the workplace factors are usually changing all the time and do not require constant checks. What is indeed desired is an environment that shall make the employees feel at home with how they are treated and what kind of facilities they enjoy while doing their tasks or jobs. These employees should cultivate positive-ness from their own selves so that this could be reflected back in their work. But then again it is always easier said than done because it involves quite a few issues, most important of which are the reasons that can go ahead in asking for communicating the problems that the employees experience and feel that they can resolve with dialogue. Being positive is very necessary because it asks of the people to represent who they really are and what they can achieve. What is required is a proper framework to make sure that they r emain contented and stuck with what they are doing and without any problems whatsoever. This shall build ways and means through which success would eventually be attained within a workplace environment. Hard work is required to create positive-ness within a workplace environment because it will bring success for everyone. I think that employee interaction outside of the workplace environment actually helps the employees to grow and show who they really are. It makes them feel satisfied with their norms and routines, and allows for the development of

Non require Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Non require - Essay Example inning as a renegade sect of Judaism that was banned by the Roman government (largely because it did not allow for the kind of religious pluralism that the Roman state was based on), to a tolerated, legal but minority religion (under the reign of Constantine),1 very briefly back to being an illegal religion (under Julian the Apostate) before finally becoming the official religion of the Roman state.2 Along with these changes in official status came changes in church structure – early Christian churches likely operated on a very small scale, with priests and bishops (where they existed) mainly serving the role of teachers and communicators, without actually wielding much power.3 As Christianity became more officially recognized, it became a more strongly organized church in itself, with greater emphasis put on hierarchy and the power and authority of church elders and leaders, and less emphasis on the importance of individual believers. Through these broad changes many disagree ments emerged: questions about who were church leaders, how their power was exercised, who got to set doctrinal legitimacy, and theological questions such as the nature of the divine. Through the broad history of Christianity, it becomes apparent that more and more of these conflicts were solved by the creation of a strict hierarchy, which put older, educated men at the head, forming church policy, while diminishing the importance and voice of anyone else. The role of women in the Church was an early issue that demonstrates the shift of power from ordinary believers into the hands of the same kind of people that ruled Roman society, older, patriarchal men. Women played an incredibly important role in early Christianity – Mary Magdalene and Mary, mother of Jesus were both incredibly important members of the early church. Likewise, Paul had many â€Å"coworkers† that demonstrate that women were indeed an important part of the early church.4 Women may have even had a role in

Subprime Recent Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Subprime Recent Events - Essay Example According to this theory, no government across the globe will allow any big financial institution or a bank to collapse so easily. This is because the after effect or the consequences of such collapses would definitely be great and at time will be out of control to handle despite how big the economy in which the collapse occurred. This exactly is the basic reason as to why AIG was bailed out by the U.S. Federal Reserve. The reasons substantiated by the U.S. Federal Reserve as to why it took this step of bailing out AIG was it felt that the collapse of such a big financial institution would definitely add to the woes of the financial markets and economy which is currently delicate. The Fed also stated that the collapse of AIG would also result in higher cost of borrowings, reduction in the household wealth and also weaken the current performance of the economy. It was also true that the collapse of AIG would not only effect the U.S. economy alone as felt by the Fed but would also have a drastic and negative impact on the global financial markets. Now, the important and popular question that is prevailing in the global markets is to why has Fed bailed out only AIG and not the other financial institution that collapsed during the same time i.e. ... If the scenario or the case of Lehman Brothers' is observed, the company was having problems with its financial situation for almost more than a year now i.e. since the year 2007, one year even before the company bankrupted. In the month of August 2007, the company closed one its subprime lenders. As a result of this the company recorded a onetime post-tax charge of approximately $25 millions. This scenario did not end there. The same kind of situation continued even in the year 2008 when the company wrote down a huge number of its subprime mortgage securities. These write downs of the company's subprime mortgage securities as accounted by the company were a $2.8 billion loss in the second quarter. If the company's financial position or the various situations of the company were looked for the period of January to June of the year 2008, the value of stock loss of the company can be equated to almost 75% (IPC'sIntelligent Investor, 2007). These happenings in the company and its stock position or value itself acted as a sign of caution to its investors. To be specific, as the scenario of financial troubles at Lehman Brothers' was happening for almost one year and as investors knew what was happening in the company and also the decrease in the stock value, it would have been a clever idea to pull out the fund from such a company or at least look at alternatives to save their investments which most of the in vestors of Lehman Brothers' did not do. This alone can be mentioned as a reason behind the U.S. Federal Reserve's move of bailing out AIG and letting off Lehman Brothers'. Similarly, if the scenario at AIG is observed, the financial trouble or crisis occurred all of a sudden in the company. The collapse of Lehman Brothers also would have

Free topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Free topic - Essay Example efine the way that the 20th and 21 century has developed, it is exceedingly hard to argue that any one invention has changed the way in which life exists more than that of the internet. Due to the fact that the internet allows a level of communication, and information distribution across such a wide range of topics, one can view it in an entirely different way the other tools that have thus far been listed. Regardless of the level of utilization that can be had from any range of inventions that such an study could reveal, the revolution that the internet has provided spans across nearly each and every layer of available knowledge and information that one can hope to engage with. For this reason, understanding, appreciating, and analyzing the unique ways that that internet has fundamentally reshaped our world will the point towards which this research proposal seeks to analyze. The idea of the internet has existed within minds of scientists and engineers since the dawn of the communication age; however, it was not until research from the last 1960’s that the United States government saw the benefit to such an interconnected group of robust computer networks. This was primarily born out of the fact that early computing power was so limited that it had to be maximized by utilizing a type of â€Å"piggyback† approach which allowed one server system to piggyback on another and communicate as a means to maximizing existing output. In such a way, this eagerly representation of the internet was less about person to person communication or information retrieval as it was about seeking to ameliorate a given alack within the realm of computing. Regardless of the reason, the growth and development of these network of interconnected computers soon began to expand beyond the realm of government research and soon began to see rapid growth within the field of private business and finally, with the advent of personal computers (PCs), the individual user himself/herself. As

The History of drag racing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of drag racing - Essay Example I find the title of the documentary movie very descriptive. Slingshot was an ancient weapon used mainly for accelerating an object towards its target. Therefore, the title stick out as the movie tries to unravel how this sporting event started many years ago. Even before opening the movie, the title thus gave me the idea of what I was to expect as far as its content is concerned. I like the idea of how the young men decided to go to the dry riverbeds and desert environment to compete amongst themselves. There were no rules and regulation in the 1930s regulating such dangerous activities. So I find moving away from the general public in Southern California was a great idea for the young men who were not afraid of speed and injuries. I was amused by their choice of the dry lakes of Mojave Desert as their field since it is a pretty dusty environment. After all, I think the sport was a dirty game of trying to outscore each other taken too far. I however find it interesting to discover that even during the domestication of the horse long time ago; young men would challenge each other on matters of speed. I believe any event however entertaining; lack of organisation is a recipe for its failure in the long-run. I was a little bit taken aback that the rowdy youth saw the need for organising their risky activity despite having the most outrageous desire that can cross any mind of a sane person. Two locations that really stands out that helped in the advancement of drag racing is Goleta, north of Santa Barbara and Santa Ana Airport, which came into use in 1949 and 1950 respectively. I like the way their idea of using Goleta as a venue of streamlining drag racing. However, the thought of using an airport to conduct their businesses is a clear indication that the young men were ready to move their love for speed a notch higher establishing codified rules and

Fuller Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fuller - Assignment Example Nonetheless, one is likely to think that Fuller still believes that being a young person between the ages of thirty and forty-nine and a General at the same is a military virtue in and of itself. Most of the attributes described above are best exhibited by persons who are not only young at heart but persons who are also young physically. For example, all these attributes and more were exhibited by George Washington. At the time he became a General, he fell within the age bracket that Fuller sets in his appendix. In fact, it seems to be the case that his youth really helped him attain military success. It is on record that he exhibited certain actions that may best be described to the consequence of the ‘hot blood’ of a young person. Washington went to the  Second Continental Congress dressed in a military uniform. This was an indication of his preparedness for war (Rasmussen and Tilton, 1999. P. 294). It was this mindset that he became a general. Although he lost many of his battles, George Washington never surrendered in the course of any. In spite of the fact that Fuller does not generally directly postulate that being as young as Washington was a military v irtue in and of itself, using Washington as a case study, it seems to be the truth. The General-ship of Alexander, the Great is indeed another example that may prove that military success and age are closely knit. As the son and successor of a great politician and king, Phillip II of Macedonia, the course of Alexander’s life seems to have been set since he was much younger. He became the ruler of his land when he was just twenty years old. When he became king, he also inherited the army. Alexander, the Great is said to have never lost a battle (Roisman and Worthington, Chapter 9, p. 192). He was known for his use of bold tactics, cavalry strategies, terrain, and the effective deployment of his loyalty

The History of drag racing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of drag racing - Essay Example I find the title of the documentary movie very descriptive. Slingshot was an ancient weapon used mainly for accelerating an object towards its target. Therefore, the title stick out as the movie tries to unravel how this sporting event started many years ago. Even before opening the movie, the title thus gave me the idea of what I was to expect as far as its content is concerned. I like the idea of how the young men decided to go to the dry riverbeds and desert environment to compete amongst themselves. There were no rules and regulation in the 1930s regulating such dangerous activities. So I find moving away from the general public in Southern California was a great idea for the young men who were not afraid of speed and injuries. I was amused by their choice of the dry lakes of Mojave Desert as their field since it is a pretty dusty environment. After all, I think the sport was a dirty game of trying to outscore each other taken too far. I however find it interesting to discover that even during the domestication of the horse long time ago; young men would challenge each other on matters of speed. I believe any event however entertaining; lack of organisation is a recipe for its failure in the long-run. I was a little bit taken aback that the rowdy youth saw the need for organising their risky activity despite having the most outrageous desire that can cross any mind of a sane person. Two locations that really stands out that helped in the advancement of drag racing is Goleta, north of Santa Barbara and Santa Ana Airport, which came into use in 1949 and 1950 respectively. I like the way their idea of using Goleta as a venue of streamlining drag racing. However, the thought of using an airport to conduct their businesses is a clear indication that the young men were ready to move their love for speed a notch higher establishing codified rules and

Autism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Autism - Research Paper Example Autism is not one specific condition, but refers to a group of disorders with disparate underlying etiologies (Corbier, 2005). Hence, treatment for autism is multidimensional, including behavioral management, individualized education plan, medical treatment, psychoanalytic therapy, and rehabilitative therapeutic strategies, together with patience, faith and belief. Integrated treatment plans focus on preparing people with autism to live in their home community in the least restrictive environment (Hardman et al, 2007). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current treatments for children with autism, and determine their effectiveness. Behavioral Management as a Treatment Intervention in Autism Behavioral interventions aim to improve specific appropriate behaviors, or to lessen inappropriate behavior (Hardman et al, 2007). This approach is commonly considered to be the most effective in treating autism in children. A research study was conducted by Sallows and Graupner (2005) on twenty-four children with autism, aged between 24 to 42 months at the beginning of the study. They were randomly assigned to early intensive behavioral treatment, and to treatment involving intensive hours but less supervision by equally qualified supervisors. The results were similar for both groups, after four years of multidimensional treatment including cognitive, language, adaptive, social and academic measures. This indicates that supervision by trained staff is not an essential criterion for improved behavioral outcomes, when the same intensive treatment is given to both the study sample and the control group. By combining the two groups, it was found that the results were optimized, and by age seven the children could adapt themselves to mainstream classrooms. However, pretreatment skills played a significant part in determining the success of the interventions, particularly verbal imitation ability, language and social responsiveness. Lovaas (1993) di scovered that early identification of the environmental variables that controlled the extent of treatment gains, was essential. Effective treatment for severe behavioral disorders requires early intervention which is conducted throughout the child’s waking hours, while taking all significant behaviors in all the child’s environments into consideration, by all significant persons caring for the child, and for many years. Research on early intensive behavioral treatment for children with autism was conducted by Cohen et al (2006) in the community setting, to replicate earlier studies which had shown favorable results. The three-year prospective outcome study using a quasi-experimental design consisted of the sample group of 21 children which received early intensive behavioral therapy (EIBT) from a community agency, and the other control group of 21 children who of equal age and IQ as compared to the first group, and belonging to special education classes at local public schools. The results showed marked improvement in language, nonverbal skill, and adaptive behavior; hence early intensive behavioral therapy can be successfully undertaken in the community setting. Individualized Education Plan and Educational Interventions â€Å"Early intervention and a highly structured education program are currently regarded as the best treatment for chi

The Patient Safety Movement Essay Example for Free

The Patient Safety Movement Essay According to patientsafetymovement.org (2013), over 200,000 patients die each year due to preventable causes. This is more than the number of deaths from lung, breast and prostate cancer combined. With such a high number of patients at risk of preventable death, the idea of patient safety moved to the forefront of medical discussions in the early 1990’s with the release of the Institute of Medicine’s report To Err is Human. The report brought to light the issues of patient safety and the errors occurring every day in medical facilities across the country. Patient safety as defined by the Institute of Medicine is simply stated as having â€Å"freedom from accidental injury† (ahrq.gov). Patient safety is now considered a healthcare discipline concerned with reporting, preventing and analyzing adverse events in an effort to reduce or eliminate errors leading to undesirable patient outcomes. Some of the most common medical errors affecting patient safety are wrong site surgery, medication errors, and health care acquired infections. Other causes of medical errors are not directly related to â€Å"touching† the patient. These errors include hand-off communications, illegible handwriting, and poor coordination of care. Wrong site surgeries include operating on the wrong part of the body, performing the wrong operation, or operating on the wrong patient. While wrong site surgery is rare, (from 1995-2010, the Joint Commission received reports of 956 wrong site surgeries), it is probably one of the most preventable injuries affecting patient safety (National Patient Safety Foundation, 2014). Medication errors occur if a patient receives the wrong medication or if the patient receives the right medication in the wrong dose or wrong form. One of the most common errors facing the patient safety movement today, the Institute of Medicine estimates medication errors affect over 1.5 million Americans each year (NPSF, 2014). Health care acquired infections are infections occurring in patients while being treated for other medical conditions. These infections can be acquired while being treated in or out  of a hospital setting. Each year in the United States, approximately 1 in 20 patients contract a health care acquired infection. Errors in patient hand-off communications account for an estimated 80 percent of serious medical errors (patientsafetymovement.org, 2014). A lack of effective communication is responsible for these avoidable adverse events. Illegible handwriting leads to the misinterpretation of physician orders and has led to medication and treatment errors. Patients are at risk for error whenever more than one healthcare provider is involved in their care. Not all providers may have had access to the same information and this lack of coordination of care can result in medical error. In order to develop a patient safety culture in healthcare institutions across the country, several groups were created or formed to outline new patient safety initiatives as well as define the actions both providers and patients can take to prevent medical injuries due to preventable errors. One such group, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, (AHRQ), â€Å"is a home to research centers that specialize in major areas of healthcare research such as quality improvement and patient safety . . . and delivery systems (Pozgar, 2012, p. 541). The AHRQ is charged with the following initiatives: 1. Identify the causes of preventable health care errors and patient injury in health care delivery. 2. Develop, demonstrate, and evaluate strategies for reducing errors and improving patient safety. 3. Disseminate such effective strategies throughout the health care industry. As the AHRQ works to meet its initiatives, other groups such as the National Patient Safety Foundation establish action plans to address the challenge of eliminating medical errors. For example, in 2013, the foundation addressed nine areas in which patient safety errors occur and how these errors could be eliminated by following a well-developed plan. Included in those nine areas were medication errors, hand-off communication errors, and healthcare associated infections (patientsafetymovement.org). Other results of the patient safety movement include the way patients are identified. For example, two patient identifiers are used prior to providing patient care. These identifiers may include a patient’s name or date of birth. These identifiers are then matched to the patient record thereby ensuring treatment is provided to the right person. Many providers and facilities  have strict infection control guidelines including the use of hand washing and proper use of PPE (personal protective equipment), such as gowns, gloves, and masks. Other changes relate to the elimination of medication errors. For example, look alike or sound alike drugs are kept separated or repackaged in pharmacies to prevent giving a patient incorrect medications. In order to prevent wrong site surgeries, both the physician and the patient are involved in clearly marking the site prior to surgery as well as verbal communication between physician and patient as to the surgical site and what type of surgery the patient is about to undergo. Other safety actions include the members of the surgical team taking a â€Å"time-out† prior to surgery to confirm the correct patient, correct site, and correct procedure (Pozgar, 2012). Another initiative began in 2005, when Dr. Donald Berwick and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, (IHI) created a ca mpaign to save 100,000 lives (Levin, 2005, p. 94). â€Å"The campaign aims to enlist at least 1,500 hospitals across the United States to commit to six key evidence-based, safety and quality improvements that have the potential to save 100,000 lives over the next 18 months—and beyond† (Levin, 2005, p. 95). The six key-evidenced based improvements are 1. Rapid Response Teams. 2. Prevention of Central Line associated bloodstream infections. 3. Prevention of surgical site infections. 4. Prevention of adverse drug events. 5. Improved care for acute MI. 6. Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. Dr. Berwick and the IHI believed that this initiative could be successful at preventing patient medical errors and result in an unknown number of saved lives. The overall goal of all groups involved in the patient safety movement is to improve the quality of patient care through system improvement, education, and shared experiences to reduce the risk of medical error. Unfortunately, the goals of the patient safety movement and the current tort system do not go hand in hand. While the patient safety movement encourages open communication regarding patient medical errors, the risk of litigation causes many healthcare providers and institutions to remain silent regarding patient medical errors. In order to avoid lawsuits, many physicians practice â€Å"defensive medicine,† which can actually increase the risk of patient medical errors resulting in malpractice lawsuits. Some tort reforms have shown to be somewhat successful in reducing the overall cost of liability by keeping insurance premiums lower, keeping physicians in  practice, and capping the amount of damages paid to patients. However, while these reforms may have reduced the financial burden on healthcare providers, they do little to support the patient safety movement. The most widely cited concerns about the medical liability system relate to the systems impact on costs and access to liability coverage, its impact on patients safety, and the administrative burden of litigation. According to AHRQ, in order to address these concerns, the following reforms have been discussed: Full disclosure/early offer programs. Certificate of merit programs. Caps on damage awards, periodic interim payment rules, joint and several liability reforms, collateral source rule reform, and the abolishing of punitive damages. Pre-trial screening panels. Health courts Patient safety is one of the primary goals of reform efforts that focus on programs that promote full disclosure, early offers, and the collection and analyses of the root causes of medical errors (AHRQ, 2010). As with all movements, the patient safety movement is not without its critics. One criticism of the movement deals with physician burnout. The patient safety movement includes many new initiatives aimed at improving patient safety. Each of these new initiatives takes time to understand and implement in order to have the desired outcome. Unfortunately, many providers are faced with learning these initiatives on top of an already full day of patient care. Most facilities have not built in the time required to learn, understand, and implement new initiatives. At the time the IOM published the To Err is Human report, many in the healthcare field questioned the numbers revealed in the study as well as contending that the information in the report would focus undue attention on accidental deaths and prevent limited resources from being directed at other important quality improvement initiatives. Other critics do not agree with the focus on involving patients in their own care, believing that if a patient is already sick and in the hospital, the patient should not have the additional burden of making sure they are receiving the right medicine at the right time, etc. Whether a supporter or critic of the patient safety movement, everyone can agree that human errors do occur in the treatment of patients. In order to improve  patient safety, healthcare providers and facilities must continue to find ways to implement new initiatives that improve the overall quality and safety of the care provided to patients. References AHRQ. (2008). What Exactly Is Patient Safety? Retrieved from http://ahrq.gov Institute of Medicine. (2014). Retrieved from http://iom.edu/ Levin, A. A. (2005). Patient Safety- Rejecting the Status Quo. NC Med J March/April 2005, Volume 66, Number 2. Retrieved from http://ww.ncmedicaljournal.com National Patient Safety Foundation. (2014). Key Facts About Patient Safety. Retrieved from http://www.npsf.org/for-patients-for-consumers Pozgar, G.D. (2012). Legal Aspects of Health Care Administration (11th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC The Patient Safety Movement. (2013). Challenges Solutions. Retrieved from http://patientsafetymovement.org/challenges--solutions-/

Propeller Aircraft Past Present And Future Technologies Engineering Essay

Propeller Aircraft Past Present And Future Technologies Engineering Essay This is a preliminary report for a project on Propeller aircraft, it aims to show the past, present and future technologies used on propeller driven aircraft. The introduction gives a brief history of propeller engine development. After which objectives section explains what this report hopes to achieve by the end of this project. Few of the main objectives include, highlighting the advancements in propeller blade designs and propeller engines, and detailing the future technologies currently in development regarding propeller aircraft. Also it is intends to explain the argument why propeller aircraft are better suited for intercity travel when compared to jet aircraft due to overall lower environmental pollution. This report then describes the tasks that need to be carried out in order to bring this project to a timely conclusion, the progress that has been made to date and finally limitations regarding this project are outlined and mitigating strategies discussed. Table of Contents Word Count = 2133 1 Introduction Propeller aircraft have come a long way since the early days of fixed pitch wooden propellers that were used by the Wright brothers on the Wright Flyer. These propellers were not very efficient as they were fixed pitch, which meant that they were only optimum in at one engine speed. I.e. either they were good for takeoff but the angle was not right for cruise or they were optimum at cruise but not efficient during takeoff due to high slippage. Figure 1 shows some examples of fixed pitch propellers o different designs. Figure 1, Examples of fixed pitch propellers. Available [Online] at http://www.airfieldmodels.com/information_source/model_aircraft_engines/propellers.htm [Accessed: 23rd November 2010] 1.2 Historical Developments In the late 1920s we saw the development of ground adjusted metal propeller this allowed for better efficiency as blade angles could be changed due to the local weather conditions and the different type of aircraft they were being used on. Figure 2 shows a ground adjustable metal propeller. Figure 2, Ground adjustable propeller. Available [Online] at http://www.legend.aero/options3.asp [Accessed 27th November 2010] These also became outdated by the development of constant speed propeller system, which allowed you to change the pitch of the propeller blades during ground or in flight and this system continues to be used even today. Other improvements of propeller designs from 1930s through World War II included the feathering of the propeller for multi engine aircraft in case one engine became inoperative during flight; and reversing propeller systems that allowed for shorter landing distances and greater ground manoeuvrability. (Delp, 1979) In recent times we have seen the development of composite blades, which are lighter, stronger and more durable then metal blades and are controlled by constant variable pitch changing mechanism which offer optimum efficiency. As the design of the propeller blades have been changing constantly so has the way these propellers have been powered, from the early piston engines to the turboprop engines of current times; each change ensuring better performance and more efficient propeller aircraft. Though the development of the Jet engine in the 1930s by Sir Frank Whittle, an RAF serviceman was suppose to change the game plan for propeller aircraft as turbofan engines were perceived to be the only future, turboprop engines have defied those expectations and are still continued to be used till today. The reason for this is that they provide maximum efficiency in low altitude, short range flights such as city hopper jets. These are usually operated from smaller airports hence the short takeoff and landing (STOL) characteristic of these aircraft gives them the edge over the turbojets. They are also more fuel economical when compared to their turbofan counterparts as the latter burn high quantity of fuel during takeoff and climb out phases and are usually optimum for long range, high altitude flights, due to this they are also ideal as fright carrier aircraft. So for these reasons turboprops continued to be used by many airlines for short haul flights, and hence therefore continue to defy the prediction of those sceptic people who said that propeller aircraft would die out as turbofans were the clear cut future of civil aviation. Figure 3 shows a modern day constant speed, composite bladed turboprop aircraft, from this we can how the design of the blades and pitch changing mechanism s have evolved from the early wooden and metal props. http://images.asme.org/MEMagazine/Articles/2009/December/21224.jpg Figure 3, Constant Speed Propeller, Available [Online] at http://images.asme.org/MEMagazine/Articles/2009/December/21224.jpg> [Accessed] 1st Dec 2010]) 2 Aims The aim of this project is to provide an in depth report of the development of propeller aircraft and their associated benefits over jet aircraft. To highlight why turboprops are best for inter city travel and their relative environmental impact when compared to turbojets, this will be done by analysing the statistical figures for their fuel efficiency, the average fuel emissions per person and the noise emissions of the two types of aircraft; from this one will be able to come to the conclusion that which of these type of aircraft are best to reduce the environmental impact of air travel. Also the past, present and future technologies for propeller aircraft will be discussed and presented to the reader clearly explaining their benefits. 2.2 Objectives The objectives of this report are listed below and explain the issues that this report is going to investigate and the findings it will show. To explore the development of the propeller engines from the early piston engines through to the modern day turboprops. To examine how propeller blades have developed over the years from the early wooden to the composite blades of today, including studying the development of variable pitch changing mechanism that has significantly increased propeller efficiency in each different flight phase. To highlight the benefits of propeller engines over jet engines for inter city travel aircraft and freight carriers. To investigate the fuel efficiency and noise emissions of different types of propeller aircraft, in particular turboprop. To investigate the future technology being developed using propeller aircraft, such as the open rotor concept that was first studied in the 1980s by General Electrics and NASA due to the last round of high fuel prices. To highlight the benefits and drawbacks of distinctive propeller A/C designs, such as the tilt-rotor technology that is employed on the Boeing-Bell V22 Osprey. To analyse future methods and procedures that could be used to reduce the environmental impact of propeller aircraft such as external noise suppression, synchrophasing of propeller blades and active noise control. To investigate the different fluid dynamic studies that have been carried out on various different propeller designs to show which design is the most efficient and why. 3 Analysis of tasks To achieve the objectives of this report extensive research on propeller aircraft will be carried out, especially regarding turboprops. A performance database listing all the appraisals for major turboprop aircraft that are being used in commercial and military environments will be constructed. This will make it easy to compare the performances of different turboprop aircraft against one another of different category and weight i.e. their fuel consumption, ceiling height, max speed etc. In order to highlight the benefits of turboprops for intercity travel, turbojets used for the same routes will also be looked at, in order to give a direct comparison. To investigate the development of propeller engines, propeller blades and the pitch changing mechanism the following textbooks will be used amongst others: Aircraft Propellers and Controls, Delp, Frank, 1979 Powerplant Textbook, Jeppesen, 2002 Jet and Turbine Aero engines, Gunston, Bill, 1997 As well as these books other sources such as the internet and aircraft magazines are to be used. The internet will be the main source of information for this report as it contains vast amount of data and archives related to propeller aircraft and their development, information that otherwise would be hard to find. After the research is completed into each part it will be collated into one report. The main findings from this report are expected to show whether propeller aircraft or jet aircraft have lower environmental impact during short haul flights. Future technologies involving turboprop engines will also be included; in particular the development of the General Electrics GE36 open rotor engine of the 1980s which gave us increased fuel efficiency. Figure 4 shows a GE36 on a NASA test rig. The major drawbacks for this design such as noise, vibration issues will also be discussed in the view of reducing environmental pollution. (Open rotor engine, 2008) Photo Figure 4, Open Rotor Engine [Online] Available at: http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/07/cfm-introduces.html [Accessed] 3rd December 2010) The fluid dynamic studies involving different propeller designs will be looked at to see which blade design is the most efficient and to explain the reason behind this. If time permits Solidworks will be used to simulate fluid dynamics on at least two different blade designs to confirm these findings. 4 Gantt Chart 5 Current status of the project Research has been carried out using various internet sites and information has been gathered on the development of propeller engines, the blades construction and the pitch change mechanism used on propeller aircraft. Also a database appraisal of different props that are currently in use around the world is being constructed, detailing information such as range, max payload, max ceiling etc; this will be used to validate why propeller aircraft are more economical for short haul flight when compared to jet aircraft. Research on the ultra high bypass (prop fan) open rotor concept has shown that the new designs by using titanium, lightweight stainless steel and composite materials offer 15 percent better fuel economy then some leading turbofan engines. The designers for this engine have achieved 30:1 bypass ratio, by employing single or dual propellers with composite blades that have 12 to 15 feet diameter. As composite blades are lighter, they allow for safer operation at higher speeds. But the disadvantages of noise, vibration and maintenance issues cannot be simply overlooked. This information has helped to clarify why this design has the potential for success but also why it is still a long way to becoming a reality. (Jeppesen, 2002) The Bombardier Q400 (Q standing for Quiet) was looked at and shows that this new generation turboprop aircraft produces 30 percent less fuel emissions and is said to be more efficient then an average car, when calculated on per passenger basis. It also employs a revolutionary Active Noise and Vibration Suppression system; that prevents noise and vibration from entering the cabin. (Bombardiers Greener Turboprop, 2008) 6 Discussion Conclusion The research that has been conducted up to now is generic to say the least, but it does cover most of the objectives that are listed for this report. Nonetheless, more specific research is needed regarding points such as the future development of propeller engines especially the open rotor concept; and the potential noise suppression techniques being studied for turboprop aircraft. Research regarding the last two points will have to be conducted over the Christmas holidays as much more information is needed, whilst it is to be ensured that enough time is also taken out for revision for end of semester exams straight after the holidays. In view of the time constraints the study on fluid dynamics of propeller blades using computer software Solidworks will be carried out towards the end of the project, this is to ensure that main objectives of this project are covered as it is assumed that it will take time to get used to operating this software. The purpose of this part is to show which propeller blade shape is most efficient and why. Due to the secrecy of manufacturers regarding their new and exclusive products, especially in the aircraft industry; it is presumed that it will be difficult to get up to date information such as figures and stats for developing technologies such as the open rotor engine being developed by GE and NASA. Along with the already developed tilt-rotor military AC from Boeing-Bell, so therefore general information that is available in the public domain such as on the internet will be used, but the drawback to this is that this information might not be 100% accurate and sometimes cannot be verified. Finally if this report is to be completed on schedule to meet its set objectives then the above mentioned points in this section should be sufficiently addressed on the earliest opportunity to allow time for the fluid dynamic research.

Essays on Heroes in Cyrano De Bergerac :: Cyrano Bergerac

Cyrano De Bergerac – Heroes Every generation has its own heroes that display, what they believe to be, ideal characteristics. While each is different in their own way, many of these role models share similar qualities. Most tend to have courage, strength, compassion, or another respected trait, but this is not necessarily why they win the adoration of their followers. Cyrano De Bergerac is a perfect example of how many protagonists win our allegiance because his sensibilities will not be denied, because he lives life to the hilt, and because he is a victim of his surroundings. If there was ever a figure who would not be denied his sensibilities, it is Cyrano. When lovers admit, "I'd die for you," it is usually only a figure of speech. Cyrano actually crossed over enemy lines every day simply to mail love letters. He also confessed to her, "My mother made it clear that she didn't find me pleasant to look at. I had no sister. Later, I dreaded the thought of seeing mockery in the eyes of a mistress. Thanks to you I've at least had a woman's friendship, a gracious presence to soften the harsh loneliness of my life. " When Cyrano admits, "My heart always timidly hides its self behind my mind," the reader can instantly relate to this dilemma but it is the fact that Cyrano is able to overcome it that makes him a hero. Not on ly is Cyrano filled with emotion, but he also goes out of his way to live life to the fullest. Cyrano's introduction to the reader definitely leaves a lasting impression. Not only does he banish an actor from the theater for performing poorly, but he proceeds to recite poetry while dueling with another member of the audience. Every moment of Cyrano's life is filled with action like this. When he was informed that one hundred men were going to kill his friend, Lignià ©re, he was thrilled with the idea of fighting all these men at once, and, of course, he succeeded. How could anyone not love this man who takes Carpe Diem to its most extreme form? Also, Cyrano is a victim of his surroundings. This may be the one characteristic that completely wins over the reader. Cyrano's most obvious flaw is his grotesque nose, but this would not be so awful if the people around him didn't care.

Earth and Planet Essay

God create our planet earth for us to have a home so we have to take care of our planet because God gave it to us and if we don’t take care of our planet someday our planet earth will be destroy or it will be gone. We have to protect our nature specially the trees because if we don’t protect our nature and if we cut down all the trees we will experience stronger floods and typhoon that will destroy our planet. We can save our planet earth by simply throwing your garbage in the right place not in the river or in the streets. If we throw our garbage in the river it will be stock and if there is a typhoon the flood will go higher than we expected because of the garbage that is stock in the river so we have to practice our selves not throwing garbage anywhere but in the right place only. For me it’s very important to protect our planet because God entrusted the planet earth to us so we have to protect it and love it. We can save our planet by stopping the mining company’s because if the mining in the earth continues someday the mountains in the earth will destroy and will cause a flashflood that people will be getting hurt or die. So if we want to live longer in this earth we have to protect our planet and save it before it’s too late.

Greek religion and mythology Essay

In Greek religion and mythology, Pan (Ancient Greek: ÃŽ  Ã¡ ¾ ¶ÃŽ ½, PÄ n) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music, and companion of the nymphs.[1] His name originates within the Ancient Greek language, from the word paein (πΠ¬ÃŽ µÃŽ ¹ÃŽ ½), meaning â€Å"to pasture.†[2] He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr. With his homeland in rustic Arcadia, he is recognized as the god of fields, groves, and wooded glens; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and the season of spring. The ancient Greeks also considered Pan to be the god of theatrical criticism.[3] In Roman religion and myth, Pan’s counterpart was Faunus, a nature god who was the father of Bona Dea, sometimes identified as Fauna. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Pan became a significant figure in the Romantic movement of western Europe, and also in the 20th-century Neopagan movement.[4] Origins In his earliest appearance in literature, Pindar’s Pythian Ode iii. 78, Pan is associated with a mother goddess, perhaps Rhea or Cybele; Pindar refers to virgins worshipping Cybele and Pan near the poet’s house in Boeotia.[5] The parentage of Pan is unclear;[6] in some myths he is the son of Zeus, though generally he is the son of Hermes or Dionysus, with whom his mother is said to be a nymph, sometimes Dryope or, in Nonnus, Dionysiaca (14.92), Penelope of Mantineia in Arcadia. This nymph at some point in the tradition became conflated with Penelope, the wife of Odysseus. Pausanias 8.12.5 records the story that Penelope had in fact been unfaithful to her husband, who banished her to Mantineia upon his return. Other sources (Duris of Samos; the Vergilian commentator Servius) report that Penelope slept with all 108 suitors in Odysseus’ absence, and gave birth to Pan as a result.[7] This myth reflects the folk etymology that equates Pan’s name (ÃŽ  ÃŽ ¬ÃŽ ½) with the Greek word for â€Å"all† (Ï€á ¾ ¶ÃŽ ½).[8] It is more likely to be cognate with paein, â€Å"to pasture†, and to share an origin with the modern English word â€Å"pasture†. In 1924, Hermann Collitz suggested that Greek Pan and Indic Pushan might have a common Indo-European origin.[9] In the Mystery cults of the highly syncretic Hellenistic era[10] Pan is made cognate with Phanes/Protogonos, Zeus, Dionysus and Eros.[11] The Roman Faunus, a god of Indo-European origin, was equated with Pan. However, accounts of Pan’s genealogy are so varied that it must lie buried deep in mythic time. Like other nature spirits, Pan appears to be older than the Olympians, if it is true that he gave Artemis her hunting dogs and taught the secret of prophecy to Apollo. Pan might be multiplied as the Panes (Burkert 1985, III.3.2; Ruck and Staples 1994 p 132[12]) or the Paniskoi. Kerenyi (p. 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus distinguished between two Pans, one the son of Zeus and twin of Arcas, and one a son of Cronus. â€Å"In the retinue of Dionysos, or in depictions of wild landscapes, there appeared not only a great Pan, but also little Pans, Paniskoi, who played the same part as the Satyrs†.

Yahoo – Strategic Management Analysis

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Yahoo! Inc. , over its journey of almost 17 years has become the world’s largest online network integrated services provider with users exceeding 500 million in numbers worldwide (Yahoo FAQ, 2012). It has a presence in more than twenty markets and regions across the globe and is best known for its search engine and host of other services like finance, e-mail, advertising and social media. Yahoo! Inc. was started as a personal website directory by two doctorate candidates at Stanford University named David Filo and Jerry Yang.Filo and Yang realized the potential of generating revenue from their web directory by allowing companies to advertise their products on their online directory. Soon, Yahoo was notable enough to gain the attention of Sequoia capital, a venture capital firm. Sequoia provided much needed capital to Yahoo and Tim Koogle, a Motorola executive was hired as Yahoo’s Chief Executive Officer. Koogle’s excellent management skills and vision took Yahoo to the new heights of success i. . Yahoo! Inc. ’s stock price rose from $5 a share to almost $244 a share in 1999 (Jones, 2007) However, despite the leadership that the company enjoyed in its initial years, the company over the past years seems be losing market share to its arch rival Google Inc. Google has been outdoing Yahoo for the past many years now, gaining market share and increasing its customer base manifolds. Over the course of past few years, Yahoo! Inc. ade a slew of changes in its objectives, business model and to its external, internal environment and strategy to shore up its performance and regain lost ground to its main competitor Google. Herein, we shall take a close look at some of such factors through defining the company’s mandate, internal analysis as well as external analysis. INTRODUCTION The company under consideration Yahoo! Inc. (referred to hereinafter as â€Å"Yahoo†) is one of the world’s largest online netwo rk integrated services provider with a combined user base in excess of 500 million.Yahoo provides a whole host of network based services, however over its existence of past 17 years, many such similar service providers have shored up especially after the dot com boom. Some of these new players took the path of specializing in a particular form of service while others brought a whole gamut of new services with the old ones. World Wide Web has grown exponentially over the past years giving rise to the intense rivalry between companies involved. This intense rivalry especially with the likes of Google is one of the biggest challenges for Yahoo.In this case study, we try to first understand the backdrop in which the company is operating including its mission and vision for the future, its ultimate goals and philosophy regarding its business, its business model, external analysis based on Porter’s five forces model and finally internal analysis based on distinctive competencies, c ompetitive advantage and profitability. This document is prepared based on the information provided in the case, â€Å"Yahoo† (Jones, 2007) as well as numerous external sources such as Yahoo’s website and its annual reports circa 2011. COMPANY OVERVIEWYahoo was incorporated as an Internet service provider that would serve both the users and the businesses globally. Yahoo was founded by two Stanford PhD candidates in January 1994 named Jerry Yang and David Filo. However, today Yahoo has become one of the world’s largest global online network integrated services provider. Yahoo today has a user base of 500 million per month. It has a presence in more than 30 countries worldwide and provides services in more than twenty different languages. The company presently operates out of Sunnyvale, California in the United States.Yahoo first went public on the NASDAQ (YHOO) in the April of 1996. The stock had opened for $ 13. 00 per share of the company and by the very dayâ €™s end; it had reached a closing of $ 33. 00 per share (Yahoo Overview, 2012). In Dec 1999 the company was also added to the S&P 500 index. Recently, in early 2012, Yahoo had appointed Scott Thompson as the new CEO who was then replaced by Marissa Mayer in the month of May (Perez, 2012). Also in June 2012, the company also hired the former director at Google, Michael Barrett, as its Chief Revenue Officer.In April 2012, the company announced a cut of about 14 % of its workforce. This was expected to save the company around $ 375 million annually and is scheduled to be completed by end of this year (Liedtke, 2012). MANDATE The mandate of a company sheds light on why it exists, what it hopes to achieve in reference to the expectations of the stakeholders. Yahoo changed it mission statement from just â€Å"focusing on being a search portal† to â€Å"want to connect people to their passion, communities and world’s knowledge† (Baker, 2007).Yahoo’s mission Statement refers to the fact that the company envisages to achieve two major objectives; first one is to provide personal digital experience to their customers so that they remain happy doing things they like especially in the web and secondly to provide a unique way to the advertiser to connect to the consumers and help to build their business (Yahoo FAQ, 2012). In simple terms, as Yahoo enables people to connect with their passion in various fields i. e. sports, music etc. , it will in turn provide Yahoo with an excellent opportunity to generate advertising revenue from music and sports companies etc.The core values of the company provide a sense of direction that the company adheres to and the way it is going to do it, and the goals it wishes to achieve via the same. The company on its website has outlined six Core values that drive the company forward. These are namely (Yahoo Values, 2004). a. Excellence: The Company mentions of it always seeking quality and knowing that the suc cess should never be taken for granted and hence learn from own mistakes. b. Innovation: The Company believes in creativity and is ready to adapt to change in market trends and respond with calculated and responsible steps. c.Customer Fixation: The Company is always looking to maintain the trust of the customers and respond to the customers need and try to exceed them. d. Teamwork: The Company believes in and tries to encourage the best of the ideas from the entire organization and to foster collaboration and yet maintain individual accountability. e. Community: The Company seeks to serve both communities globally and the Internet Community as a whole in general. f. Fun: The Company also possesses a sense of humour and believe that the same is essential to the success of the company and also do appreciate and celebrate their achievement.From the aforementioned Core Values and the present scenario of the company, it seems Yahoo’s main challenge is keep up with its two very imp ortant core values namely Innovation and Customer Fixation which are integral for it to be the market leader in web portal industry. The main stakeholders of Yahoo are; its stockholders that invest their capital in the company, customers that use Yahoo’s web portal, advertisers that market their products through Yahoo’s online services and employees who provide it intellectual capacity leading to the creation of innovative new online products and services.Yahoo’s employees want a fair, ethical treatment and a stable job, advertisers expect to connect to their market segment by advertising on Yahoo, customers want enjoyable and innovative products that make their daily life easier and most importantly stock holders have an expectation that Yahoo will pursue strategies that increase company’s revenue and profitability maximizing shareholder value. EXTERNAL ANALYSIS COMPETITIVE FORCESYahoo operates in â€Å"the Internet products, services, and content marke ts, which are highly competitive and characterized by rapid change, emerging and converging technologies, and increasing competition† and that their most significant competition is from â€Å"Facebook, Google, Microsoft, and AOL (Yahoo 10K, 2011). Yahoo is a part of web portal industry where revenue generation is dependent on online advertising which in turn requires a large number of user base to generate any significant revenue.Advertisers prefer to advertise their products through web portals that have a large user base and offer products and tools which help them reach their target audience. In web portal industry, degree of rivalry amongst competitors is quite high, competitors compete aggressively against each other through innovative new product offerings and/or by lowering prices for advertising but Product differentiation is becoming increasingly difficult due to the fact that over the years industry has gone through consolidation and main players such as Google, Yah oo, MSN etc. ave gained a significant amount of market share creating an oligopoly. Industry has entered a mature stage in the western hemisphere such as Europe and North America but a lot of potential is available in emerging markets of Asia and South America where it is in growth stage. Due to the nature of internet, entry in to the web portal industry is relatively easy but based on the amount of capital, innovative skills and technological knowledge required to attract and maintain a large user base in the web portal industry, the threat of new entrants that can compete directly with Yahoo is quite low.Yahoo does charge some fees for certain premium services but generally its main services such as email and search are free of cost which is common amongst competitors in web portal industry. The range of services offered in web portal at little or no cost means that switching cost for users is quite low. Buyers also include those advertisers who would buy ad space on the website. Even though Yahoo’s revenue stream is not concentrated at any individual advertiser or user but low switching costs for users combined with the intense rivalry in the industry to gain advertisers puts bargaining power of the buyers at medium.Yahoo’s search engine essentially is a mechanism that provides users with an ability to search through content present on the internet. This content is freely available on the internet for Yahoo to collect and categories hence supplier power for Yahoo’s search engine is quite low. Web portal industry in which Yahoo operates does not have a lot of substitutes. Some possible substitutes for Yahoo’s products and services are; postal service is substitute of Yahoo’s e-mail service, financial newspapers are a substitute for Yahoo’s financial section, etc. but most importantly there are no efficient substitutes for search engines on web portal industry in both online or offline world. Because of the lack of ef ficiency of substitutes to products and services offered by web portal industry, the threat of substitutes is low. Recently Web portal industry has gained a possible complementor in the form of latest smart phones with high speed mobile internet access which gives user an ability to be online at any place at any given time. Smart phone technology combined with the web portal industry gives both parties involved a better opportunity to satisfy customer demands.MACRO ENVIRONMENT Aforementioned analysis was based on Porter’s five forces model which is subject to macro-environment. We shall now analyse different forces in the macro-environment. Economic conditions might affect Yahoo as it derives most of its revenue from businesses and individuals who advertise their products and services on the internet. Any slump in the economic growth may lead to a reduction in advertising budget of businesses which will eventually affect Yahoo. In the emerging markets such as those in Asia an d South America, Yahoo is presented with an excellent opportunity to expand its business.Along with the opportunity, Yahoo may also face stiff competition in emerging markets such as China where local competitors have gained considerable market share i. e. Baidu, Inc. in China has 63% of the market share and is Yahoo’s main competitor in that region (Barboza, 2010). Political and legal forces tend to affect businesses operating in the web portal industry especially in the emerging markets. Regulations on the internet service providers generally vary from country to country i. e. in certain countries local providers enjoy special protection through regulations giving them competitive advantage over Yahoo.Yahoo was successfully sued in France for its failure to keep Nazi memorabilia off its Web pages as it is considered a crime in France (Claburn, 2006) and in 2010 Google pulled out of China after failing to negotiate with Chinese government (Carlson, 2010). Internet is a rapid ly growing industry, and with low barriers to entry and low switching costs, technological forces heavily influence Yahoo. With the advent of new technologies, competition and rivalry between players in web portal industry is likely to be more intense driving down revenues as a result.Development in technology may give rise to newer forms of advertising media which can potentially take away revenue from Yahoo. Yahoo mainly operates in the online world and number of users with access to internet is growing rapidly and user base in the developed countries is very well spread out across all demographics. More and more people in the developing countries are getting access to the internet which is likely an opportunity for Yahoo. INTERNAL ANALYSIS We shall now discuss the internal environment of the company and how can it have any sort of material impact on the performance of the company.The internal Analysis of the company would include the distinctive competencies of the company, the c ompetitive advantage and the profitability of the company. The first and foremost distinctive competency of the company is the ability to enable people relate to their passion. This is as per Yahoo’s mission statement and is also reflective in the product portfolio. The company is probably the leader in the industry in terms of the number of services and products that the company offers. This range of product offering has not been observed to be present with the other competitors i. e. Flickr, a omprehensive imaging database, Yahoo Finance provides accurate financial Data in almost real time, etc. The second distinctive competency of the company is the brand name of the company, which has helped it retain its users despite its consistent problem in bringing new innovative products like its competitors Google and Facebook. The third and most important is the efficiency of Yahoo marketing services and its ability to attract customers and publishers. Since its beginning the busi ness model of Yahoo has been heavily reliant on contextual advertising and offering premium services.And this segment of business of Yahoo has still kept it in business. And not to forget the next competency of the company is its famous search and portal. Though the search algorithm used by the company has gradually been updated to the changing demographics of the business, but still some work needs to be done on it to make it a sheer strength for the company. Yahoo still possesses some competitive advantage as compared to its rivals. Firstly, Yahoo’s directory is very well-structured and authenticated business library and it can be developed and customized to act as a new and good source of revenue.Second is the ability of Yahoo to provide customized and contextual advertising. Another very important competitive advantage of the company is the hold of Yahoo in the mobile segment with its auxiliary products and even partnerships with third party service providers. And probabl y last but not the least is the employees of the company, who proved tremendous support, and technical knowhow, that helps Yahoo shore up with customized solutions for its customers and also help in maintain a virtually glitch/hassle free website quality.As far as profitability is concerned, this is something that has not been going right for the company. Over the past four quarters, the company has not seen any significant growth in its revenue and has in fact witnessed a decline in the operating profitability due to a rise in non-recurring expenses (Yahoo Income Statement, 2012). However since the new CEO took over in the month of July, she has embarked on a new strategy of Brownfield expansion via the M&A route and other critical decisions, that is set â€Å"to revive growth and boost profitability† which is a very positive and ncouraging news for investors (Womack, 2012). Yahoo’s decision to hire executives Michael Barret as a CFO and Marissa Mayer as a CEO seems t o show that Yahoo understands the threat that Google poses as both Barret and Mayer were executive at Google prior to joining Yahoo. From the above analysis, it seems that the company is better poised on its internal environment than external environment. And it needs to improvise on its assets and brand to shore up its market share and performance.Yahoo’s recent layoff of 14% of its work force seems to be beginning of new strategy of refocusing the company towards its core competencies, product innovation and growth. REFERENCES Yahoo FAQs. (2012). Investors FAQs. Retrieved from http://yhoo. client. shareholder. com/faq. cfm Jones, G. R. (2007). Yahoo. In C. W. L. Hill & G. R. Jones (Eds. ), Strategic Management An Integrated Approach (8th ed. , pp. C102-C114). Boston, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. Yahoo Overview. (2012). Overview. Retrieved from http://pressroom. yahoo. net/pr/ycorp/overview. aspx Perez, J. C. (2012, 07 16).Yahoo picks google's marissa mayer as ceo. Macworld , Retrieved from http://www. macworld. com/article/1167728/yahoo_picks_googles_marissa_mayer_as_ceo. html Liedtke, M. (2012, 04 04). New yahoo CEO Scott Thompson cuts 2,000 jobs The Christian Science Monitor, Retrieved from http://www. csmonitor. com/Innovation/Latest-News-Wires/2012/0404/New-Yahoo-CEO-Scott-Thompson-cuts-2-000-jobs Baker, L. (2010). Yahoo ; google’s mission statements: Do they connect?. Search Engine Journal, Retrieved from http://www. searchenginejournal. com/yahoo-googles-mission-statements-do-they-connect/4924/Yahoo Values. (2004). Yahoo! we value. Retrieved from http://docs. yahoo. com/info/values/ Yahoo 10K. (2011, 12 31). Yahoo 10k Annual Report. Retrieved from http://files. shareholder. com/downloads/YHOO/2120211742x0xS1193125-12-86972/1011006/filing. pdf Barboza, D. (2010, 01 13). Baidu’s gain from departure could be china’s loss. The NewYork Times. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2010/01/14/technology/companies/14baidu. html? _ r=1 Claburn, T. (2006, 01 13). Yahoo loses lawsuit over nazi memorabilia sale. Information Week, Retrieved from http://www. informationweek. om/yahoo-loses-lawsuit-over-nazi-memorabili/177100347 Carlson, N. (2010, 03 22). Breaking: Google pulls out of china. Business Insider, Retrieved from http://articles. businessinsider. com/2010-03-22/tech/29990556_1_google-com-hk-google-s-china-googlecn Yahoo Income Statement. (2012). Income statement. Retrieved from http://in. finance. yahoo. com/q/is? s=YHOO Womack, B. (2012, 08 10). Yahoo strategy review may result in changes to cash plans. Bloomberg, Retrieved from http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2012-08-09/yahoo-ceo-strategy-review-may-result-in-changes-to-cash-plans. html